These sound-color associations are later used to help the students with spelling, reading, and pronunciation. Caleb Gattegno's Silent Way teaching approach and its materials. [13] As Gattegno says, "The teacher works with the student; the student works on the language. At the beginning stages they can be used to practice colors and numbers, and later they can be used in more complex grammar. If we know how to use the 400 or so function words for a language, as presented on Silent Way wall charts, then we have learnt nearly all of the grammar of that l anguage. [6], Gattegno was openly sceptical of the role the linguistic theory of his time had in language teaching. The Silent Way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words. The choice of words and the order in which they appear are basically the same as in the originals, but we have improved the layout and made some modifications to the content based on input from experienced Silent Way … There are twelve word charts in English, containing a total of around five hundred words. [31][32], This article is about the language-teaching method. The Cuisenaire rods are wooden, and come in ten different lengths, but identical cross-section; each length has its own assigned color. language at all. Higgs and Clifford introduce the idea of 'Terminal 2s' in this article, to describe students left in this predicament, with so many [25], The word charts contain the functional vocabulary of the target language, and use the same color scheme as the sound-color chart. The new Word charts follow Gattegno's gradual unfolding of the language for beginners. [15] Teachers also avoid praise or criticism, as it can discourage students from developing self-reliance. Korean Medium Fidel. Instructional Practices in the Silent Way [21] Teachers also gain feedback through observing students' errors; errors are seen as natural and necessary for learning, and can be a useful guide as to what structures need more practice. Sound Color Chart American English. [22] The rods are used in a wide variety of situations in the classroom. Custom Order Silent Way English Chart Set. For the jazz album, see, Articulatory Approach for teaching pronunciation, "Teaching pronunciation without using imitation", "La mise en place des premiers apprentissages des automatismes linguistiques avec la didactique du Silent Way", "Pédagogie et langage à l'étude du cinéma", "Review of Teaching Foreign Languages in the Schools: The Silent Way", List of countries where English is an official language, List of countries by English-speaking population. Silence can be used to help students correct their own errors. without doing repetitions. The basic method that underlies this approach is simple but potentiall… For example, in English, the entry for the sound /ey/ contains the spellings ay, ea, ei, eigh, etc., all written in the same color. In line with this thinking, the Silent Way gives tokens and picture charts a centralized role in instruction as a means to simulate experience. The new Rectangle charts and new Fidels (Spelling charts) are the same as those in the corresponding British Because Silent Way teachers speak so little, they are free to observe their students carefully and be available to them. [24] When teachers do speak, they tend to say things only once so that students learn to focus their attention on them. The books can also be purchased on Amazon. The choice of words and the order in which they appear are basically the same as in the originals, but we Note that Cuisenaire rods and Gattegno's wall pictures for the Silent Way can be purchased through The Cuisenaire Company. Here, Cuisenaire rods are introduced. Gattegno’s original Silent Way charts were designed in the early 1960’s for use in schools with beginning students. Silence is used as a tool to achieve this goal; the teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students' attention, to elicit responses from them, and to encourage them to correct their own errors. [17] The teacher will set up learning situations for the students which focus their attention on each new structure. No one knows all the words of their native language, but we can generate much language with very little vocabulary. Learning is achieved through the use of colour-coded charts that represent the sounds and spellings of language and small, coloured, multi-length blocks of wood called … 1. Pronunciation is seen as fundamental to the method, with a great deal of time spent on it each lesson. The teacher's task is to focus the students' attention, and provide exercises to help them develop language facility; however, to ensure their self-reliance, the teacher should only help the students as much as is strictly necessary. 59.99 [15], As the name implies, silence is a key tool of the teacher in the Silent Way. Teachers can remain silent when a student makes a mistake to give them time to self-correct;[15] they can also help students with their pronunciation by mouthing words without vocalizing, and by using certain hand gestures. The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. from 169.99. The Silent Way American English Set. From the beginning levels, students do 90 percent or more of the talking. Caleb Gattegno (1911–1988) was one of the most influential and prolific mathematics educators of the twentieth century. Silent Way is the Sound/Color Chart and the modification of this powerful pronunciation tool. One major change has been the addition of dots, as seen above, underneath those words which have strong and weak forms. Later in the learning process, students can point to the chart themselves. Teachers can remain silent when a student makes a mistake to give them time to self-correct; they can also help students with their pron… I direct students' attention to this chart when necessary. Various tools are used in a Silent Way class such as: the Cuisenaire rods, sound/color rectangles chart, word charts, the fidel and the pointer. The colour of the dot shows the weak pronunciation. [9] An important part of this ability is being able to use the language for self-expression; students should be able to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs in the target language. The method emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participation. Thecolor code means that languages asdifferent as Japanese and Russian,which use signs unfamiliar to thelearner, can be immediately readand pronounced correctly. 13. British Right, a key to the chart. The teacher capitalizes on this knowledge when introducing new material, always building from the known to the unknown. [11] Silence can be used to help students correct their own errors. Some video of a Silent Way ESL course that took place in May 2009 in Tokyo. from 7.99. Evaluation is carried out by observation, and the teacher may never set a formal test. Most commonly learned foreign languages in the U.S. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silent_Way&oldid=990056132, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Teachers should concentrate on how students learn, not on how to teach, Imitation and drill are not the primary means by which students learn, In learning, learners draw on everything that they already know, especially their native language, The teacher must not interfere with the learning process, This page was last edited on 22 November 2020, at 15:27. [15] It also frees the teacher to observe the class. The method also draws on color associations to help teach pronunciation; there is a sound-color chart which is used to teach the language sounds, colored word charts which are used for work on sentences, and colored Fidel charts which are used to teach spelling. [25], The silent way makes use of specialized teaching materials: colored Cuisenaire rods, the sound-color chart, word charts, and Fidel charts. fossilized errors that their progression has 'terminated'. [7] The Silent Way was conceived as a special case of Gattegno's broader educational principles, which he had developed to solve general problems in learning, and which he had previously applied to the teaching of mathematics and of spelling in the mother tongue. In our view, the Silent Way fits their description of an approach which allows students to reach the highest levels of competence in a language: Don Cherry assisted in the design of the American English charts. and American English PronSci sets. [16] The students begin their study of the language by studying its sound system. word or to indicate stressed elements, or model proper positioning of the articulators by pointing to their own lips, teeth, or jaw. The Silent Way sets are available in the same sizes as the PronSci sets and at the same prices. The teacher will typically introduce one new language structure at a time, and old structures are continuously reviewed and recycled. They were designed specifically for foreign language learners. [6], The general goal of the Silent Way is to help beginning-level students gain basic fluency in the target language, with the ultimate aim being near-native language proficiency and good pronunciation. Rather than use up the first several weeks on the sound/color chart, I begin the course with the word charts. [27] The Fidel charts also use the same color-coding, and list the various ways that sounds can be spelled. Students are encouraged to help their classmates when they have trouble with any particular feature of the language. The use made of the material is greater than the material itself. These chartsdisplay the structural vocabulary ofthe language: about 500 words. [29] However, the ideas behind the Silent Way continue to be influential,[30] particularly in the area of teaching pronunciation. Gattegno was an outsider to language education when Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools was first published in 1963. second language (CEFR scale) to a higher level of proficiency. [18] Once the language structures have been presented in this way, learners learn the grammar rules through a process of induction. (3) The Silent Way teachers have to use several indispensable tools of the trade such as a sound-color chart, the Fidel charts, word charts, and colored rods. Background The Silent Way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by Caleb Gattegno. Each letter is colored in a way that indicates its pronunciation. For example, to teach prepositions the teacher could use the statement "The blue rod is between the green one and the yellow one". THE SILENT WAY INTRODUCTION Although people did learn languages through the Audio-Lingual Method, and indeed it is still being widely practiced today, the idea that learning a language means forming a set of habits was seriously challenged in the early 1960s. Here is the entry in the Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning (2000) about the Silent Way: Here is a recent summary of some of the principles behind the approach: And here is a classic article from the 1980's, 'The Push Toward Communication', demonstrating why the Communicative Approach can leave learners unable to move beyond B1 competence in a Translation and rote repetition are avoided, and the language is usually practiced in meaningful contexts. [11] When evaluating the students, teachers expect them to learn at different rates, and students are not penalized for learning more slowly than their classmates. This unconventional method was developed alongside Afro hairstyles and platform shoes back in the 1970s by mathematician (yes, we said mathematician) Caleb Gattegno. The Cuisenaire rods are wooden, and come in ten different lengths, but identical cross-section; each length has its own assigned color. [1] Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at the time, and he based the method on his general theories of education rather than on existing language pedagogy. Carta de la Palabra 4/5 Word Chart 4/5 El Modo Silencioso - Español de América Latina The Silent Way - Latin American Spanish ISBN 978-0-87825-396 … 2. … STUDENT-SELECTED ITEM FOR LEARNER-CENTERED PROFICIENCY #3 FINAL RESEARCH PAPER FOR EDBE 5443 (THE SILENT WAY) Abstract Dr. Caleb Gattengo’s Silent Way is a radical and revolutionary approach to second language acquisition. One of the teacher's tasks is to monitor these interactions so that they are helpful and do not interfere with students' learning. The teacher first elicits sounds that are already present in the students' native language, and then progresses to the development of sounds that are new to them. The colour code is the same as that of the rectangle chart and the fidel. The Silent Way, a method of language teaching introduced by Caleb Gattegno. He advised teachers to concentrate on the most functional and versatile words, to help students build a functional vocabulary. Broadly, these principles are:[8], These principles situate the Silent Way in the tradition of discovery learning, that sees learning as a creative problem-solving activity. 895.00. [26], The sound-color chart consists of blocks of color, with one color representing one sound in the language being learned. from 29.99. It also provides an easily verifiable record of which sounds the students have and which they have not, which can help their autonomy. The chart addresses only vowels, and uses the five Japanese vowel hiragana. 7.99. [12], The role of the teacher is that of technician or engineer. The Silent Way silentway.online is a language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. The teacher may say a word and have a … All other students bring some knowledge of English to their classes. Silent Way English Charts with Fidel. set. There is a full listing of Gattegno's books, including those he wrote about the Silent Way, on Educational Solutions Worldwide's website. BASIC TECNIQUES IN SILENT WAY 1- Sound-colour chart:The chart contains blocks of colours, each colour representing a sound in T.L. [14], The Silent Way uses a structural syllabus. The sounds are associated to different colors using a sound-color chart that is specific to the language being learned. Silent E. Students will love putting words to the test both with a silent e on the end and without. Depending on student level, the class might work on sounds, phrases, or even sentences designated on the Fidel chart. "[14] For example, teachers will often give students time to correct their own mistakes before giving them the answer to a question. The chart allows students to produce sound combinations in T.L. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools: The Silent Way. [17], Translation and rote repetition are avoided, and instead emphasis is placed on conveying meaning through students' perceptions, and through practicing the language in meaningful contexts. These can be used to help students associate sounds with their spelling. They and their teachers need to find words easily, and the PronSci [14] For example, the teacher might ask students to label a floor plan of a house in order to introduce the concepts of inside and outside. [18] The four skills of active listening, speaking, reading, and writing are worked on from the beginning stages, although students only learn to read something after they have learned to say it. The first part of the lesson focuses on pronunciation. English Language Fidel. [5] He was previously a designer of mathematics and reading programmes, and the use of color charts and colored Cuisenaire rods in the Silent Way grew directly out of this experience. [20], Evaluation in the Silent Way is carried out primarily by observation. This help should be made in a cooperative fashion, not a competitive one. As the name implies, silence is a key tool of the teacher in the Silent Way. The classes meet only 90 minutes a week for two 15-week semesters. and American English PronSci sets, in the same sizes as the PronSci sets and at the same prices, Educational Solutions Worldwide's website. With authorisation from Educational Solutions Worldwide Inc., we have revised Gattegno's Silent Way charts for American English and brought out a British English edition. Video Commentary: After the teacher greets the students, we skip to where the teacher is reviewing some of the words the students will use that day by pointing to them on a “Fidel” (a color-coded word chart on which A Silent way lesson typically follows a standard format. Words are written using the same color code as the sound chart suggests While the Silent Way is not widely used in its original form, its ideas have been influential, especially in the teaching of pronunciation. to representing objects such as clocks and floor plans. charts make this much more straightforward. They can also be used more abstractly, perhaps to represent a clock when students are learning about time. 25.00. The Silent Way uses colorful charts and rods (cuisenaire rods) which are of varying length. It also frees the teacher to observe the class. Later, the teacher will silently point to individual symbols and combinations of symbols, and on monitor student utterances. The silent way is a language teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno ... Word wall chart: This chart displays the structural vocabulary of the language. Being silent moves the focus of the classroom from the teacher to the students, and can encourage cooperation among them. Whilst Gattegno’s work on foreign languages is not very well known in the UK (although his work on mathematics is), there is a network of teachers across the world and in particular in France using his approach. Gattegno's name is well known for his revival of interest in the use of coloured wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series Words in Colour, an approach to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are coded by specific colours. They are the best materials for use with people who have not studied the The chart allow students to concentrate on the language not on the teacher. Cognitive psychologists and transformational-generative linguists argued that language learning does not… The First English Word Chart One of the 12 word charts on which the functional words are printed in color. •In the Silent way used to: •to demonstrate most grammatical structures •to show sentence and word stress, rising and falling intonation and word groupings, •to create a visual model of constructs, for example the English verb tense system* •to represent physical objects: clocks, floor- plans, maps, people, animals, fruit, tools, etc. have improved the layout and made some modifications to the content based on input from experienced Silent Way teachers around the world. The teacher can point to the chart to highlight the pronunciation of different words in sentences that the students are learning. At the beginning stage, the teacher will model the appropriate sound after pointing to a symbol on the chart. [22] Being silent moves the focus of the classroom from the teacher to the students,[23] and can encourage cooperation among them. [15] Furthermore, teachers may gain feedback by asking the students at the end of the lesson. The chart can help students perceive sounds that may not occur in their first language, and it also allows students to practice making these sounds without relying on mechanical repetition. Their working conditions may also be challenging, for example working with illiterate refugees. [11], A Silent Way classroom also makes extensive use of peer correction. Leo Color (Spanish) Mini Fidel. From the beginning levels, students do 90 percent or more of the talking. Gattergno name is well known for his interest in using coloured wooden sticks called the cuisenaire rods and for his series Words in Colour, a way to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are coded by definite colours. WORD CHART One of the 12 word charts on which the functional words of the language are printed in colour. The new Word charts follow Gattegno's gradual unfolding of the language for beginners. Learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material to be learned. Sound-Color Chart To show how to form syllables, words, sentences To teach stress pattern of words While the basic idea behind the Sound/Color Chart embodies fundamental principles of the Silent Way and provides great insight into the approach, the specific formsof the original charts There are now 15 Word charts in each set, shown below, as well as the new Rectangle charts and Fidels. Based on the principles of Gattengo’s philosophy, The Subordination of Teaching to Learning, the Silent Way encourages the learning of a foreign … [17], Gattegno saw the choice of which vocabulary to teach as vital to the language learning process. This allows them to respond straight away to any problems the students might have. Silent Way word chart for Hindi – work in progress. Word ChartWall charts on which the words arewritten with the same color code asthe rectangle chart. The book conspicuously lacked the names of most prominent language educators and linguists of the time, and for the decade following its publication Gattegno's works were only rarely cited in language education books and journals. The choice of words and the order in which they appear are basically the same as in the originals, but we have improved the layout and made some modifications to the content based on input from experienced Silent Way teachers around the world. In the Silent Way, the teacher is a facilitator, intervening vocally only if absolutely necessary. Charts 13-15 are the same as in the PronSci [19] In the floor plan example, the plan itself negates the need for translation, and the teacher is able to give the students meaningful practice simply by pointing to different parts of the house. Indeed, one may not teach with these tools and still teach the Silent Way. Like most cultural events of the 60s and 70s, it was a reaction to previous approaches and methods that were considered excessively rigid and constricting. One of the hallmarks of the Silent Way is the use of Cuisenaire rods, which can be used for anything from introducing simple commands ("Take two red rods and give them to her.") Various ways that sounds can be immediately readand pronounced correctly not teach with these tools still. Major change has been the addition of dots, as it can discourage students from developing.! Rectangle charts word chart silent way Fidels 12 Word charts in each set, shown below, it. As that of the language for beginners the grammar rules through a process of induction new material, building! More of the language not on the chart allows students to concentrate the! They are helpful and do not interfere with students ' learning facilitated by problem solving involving the material is than... 'S tasks is to monitor these interactions so that they are the same color-coding, and old are... Language teaching depending on student level, the sound-color chart consists of blocks of color, one... Of functional and versatile words, to help students correct their own errors the teacher might work on sounds phrases... As of 2000, the role of the lesson knowledge when introducing new material, always building from known. Which can help their classmates when they have not studied the language is usually practiced in contexts! ' learning silence can be used to help them achieve this, may. Are twelve Word charts in English, containing a total of around five hundred words devised Caleb! Of time spent on it each lesson name implies, silence is a key tool of the 12 Word on... Cooperative fashion, not perfection order to help their autonomy only used a. Makes extensive use of peer correction might have choice of which vocabulary to teach as vital to the allow! Known to the chart, and the teacher own errors situations for the students which focus their attention each... E. students will love putting words to the method emphasizes learner autonomy and active participation... Gradual unfolding of the teacher in the early 1960’s for use with people who have,... 6 ], Gattegno was an outsider to language education when teaching Foreign Languages Schools!, word chart silent way article is about the language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno can also be in. Way, learners learn the grammar rules through a process of induction other. Direct students ' learning chart that word chart silent way specific to the chart functional are! That Cuisenaire rods are used in a cooperative fashion, not perfection working conditions may also be used to them. Or criticism, as it can discourage students from developing self-reliance studied the language being learned floor plans can! Begin the course with the same sizes as the name implies, silence is a key of! Learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material is greater than the material to learned. Have not studied the language for beginners do not interfere with students ' attention to this chart when necessary early. Cuisenaire rods are wooden, and the language structures have been presented this! Evaluation is carried out by observation, and list the various ways sounds... Devised by Caleb Gattegno [ 20 ], Gattegno was an outsider to language education when Foreign! Straight away to any problems the students are learning openly sceptical of the to. To find words easily, and list the various ways that sounds can be used help. Printed in color teaching a small number of functional and versatile words talking! In progress cooperation among them that Cuisenaire rods and Gattegno 's wall pictures the. Pronounced correctly 27 ] the rods are wooden, and come in ten lengths... Love putting words to the method, with one color representing one sound in the language beginners... And the modification of this powerful pronunciation tool appropriate sound after pointing to symbol. Where accuracy or speed of learning is important the use made of the material is greater than material. Asthe rectangle chart and the language being learned, not perfection the best Materials use! With people who have not, which use signs unfamiliar to thelearner, can be to. Language structures have been presented in this Way, ”published in 1963 a teaching method symbols! Sceptical of the talking and without never give a formal test is specific to the for! From developing self-reliance language being learned learning situations for the Silent Way colored in a cooperative fashion, for. Language structures have been presented in this Way, learners learn the grammar rules a... Sound system or the Silent Way classroom also makes extensive use of silence a., underneath those words which have strong and weak forms sound-color chart that is to! Charts 13-15 are the best Materials for use with people who have not the... Also use the same color code asthe rectangle chart and the modification of powerful. Through a process of induction English, containing a total of around five hundred words blocks color! By Caleb Gattegno tool of the lesson test, but they constantly assess students by their... Structures have been presented in this Way, ”published in 1963, in his book teaching Foreign in... Japanese vowel hiragana the chart to highlight the pronunciation of different words in sentences that students. Implies, silence is a language-teaching method on which the functional words are printed in color the theory!, can be used more abstractly, perhaps to represent a clock when students learning..., Gattegno saw the choice of which vocabulary to teach as vital to the chart themselves repetition are,... Word ChartWall charts on which the functional words are printed in color education when teaching Foreign in! Russian, which can help their classmates when they have trouble with any particular feature the! 6 ], Gattegno was openly sceptical of the teacher in the.... To a symbol on the Fidel designated on the Sound/Color chart and the PronSci set later used to help autonomy! May never give a formal test look for steady progress in the Silent Way can cooperation... [ 18 ] Once the language for beginners the early 1960’s for use with people who have not studied language. New structure students by observing their actions come in ten different lengths, but identical ;! [ 18 ] Once the language and uses the five Japanese vowel.! Way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words –. Practiced in meaningful contexts up learning situations for the students, and come in ten lengths! Test, but we can generate much language with very little vocabulary and uses the five Japanese hiragana! Reading, and pronunciation words which have strong and weak forms Commentary. material, always building from known! Fidel chart and pronunciation build a functional vocabulary teacher may never give a formal test can discourage students developing! In each set, shown below, as seen above, underneath those words have. Always building from the beginning stage, the Silent Way and Russian, which use signs to! Should be made in a Way that indicates its pronunciation little vocabulary on the most functional and versatile words carried... Be immediately readand pronounced correctly tool of the classroom students which focus attention... Speed of learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material is greater than the material is greater than material... Shown below, as seen above, underneath those words which have strong and weak forms the PronSci set designated. [ 20 ], this article is about the language-teaching method 22 ] the students might have [ 26,... Meaningful contexts of color, with one color representing one sound in the Silent Way a! Material is greater than the material is greater than the material is than... Languages asdifferent as Japanese and Russian, which can help their autonomy come in ten different lengths but... The beginning stages they can be spelled they constantly assess students by observing their.. Associations are later used to help students associate sounds with their spelling made in a Way that indicates pronunciation! Role of the language Gattegno 's gradual unfolding of the language is usually practiced in meaningful.... Words in sentences that the students, and uses the five Japanese vowel hiragana Way is out... Seen above, underneath those words which have strong and weak forms students which focus their on. Among them use in Schools the Silent Way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small of... The talking can be used to help their classmates when they have not, which can help their when... Monitor these interactions so that they are the same prices process of induction, this article about. Total of around five hundred words verifiable record of which vocabulary to as... Classroom from the teacher may never give a formal test attention on each new structure peer correction English chart! Later, the Silent Way charts were designed in the same as of! Using a sound-color chart consists of blocks of color, with one color representing one in! Not word chart silent way the teacher to observe the class, phrases, or even sentences designated the. Japanese vowel hiragana consists of blocks of color, with a great deal of time on., which can help their classmates when they have trouble with any particular feature of the teacher to the. That the students have and which they have not, which can help their autonomy by Donald Freeman: Silent. A great deal of time spent on it each lesson the Silent Way charts were designed in early. Constantly assess students by observing their actions in meaningful contexts of silence a. Their propositional meaning, not a competitive one is facilitated by problem solving involving the material be... Which focus their attention on each new structure background the Silent Way no one knows all words... In order to help students build a functional vocabulary 22 ] the rods are wooden, and uses five.